Historically changed perceptions of disease.Disease - deviation from the norm of the average type (one of the first definitions).
Ado: Norma - form of life that provides the best action.
Rudolf Virchow: Illness - lives in abnormal conditions of existence.
The main criterion for the disease - the existence of gross morphological changes (violations).
The main criterion for the disease - a violation disability. Communications, balancing with the external environment is reduced by disease.
Pavlov, Mechnikov, Speransky: When the disease along with compensation for damage to evolve reaction.
Marks: The disease - tight in their lives freedom.
The modern definition of the disease:Rappoport - originally formulated. Petrov - supplemented. Bronowicki - finally made.
The disease - a violation of life organism caused by the action of emergency irritant, are declining efficiency, adaptability to the conditions surrounding the organism c Wednesday, and the simultaneous development not only pathological, but also compensatory-prisposobitelskih reactions to remedy the functions and structures, underlying recovery.
The advantages of this definition: No pathogenic (stronger), and Emergency irritant causes disease. Not all people, even the most pathogenic stimuli can cause disease.
The reduction of efficiency (and not work) - for humans and animals.
Pathological response - short-term, the reaction of the body to extraordinary effect irritant.
Pathological process - a painful change in the functions and structures that includes several stalemate. reactions. This is a part of the disease. The disease includes several stalemate. processes.
Pathological condition - slowly evolving pathologic process stalemate. the process is moving in stalemate. state. Pat. state - the result of stalemate. process.
Etiology - reason and the full range of adverse conditions (external and internal), under which the cause may have infected their effect and cause disease.
Deficiency disease - cause illness - it is the absence of something. For example, the absence of a liver, pancreas, internal factors Casla, oxygen ...
The role of the local and overall Virchow: All local disease - at the level of cells. Vvedensky, Uhtomsky, Pavlov, Speransky: Any impact signaled in the central nervous system, and a response is issued to the body.
The disease - the total defeat of the whole body, with precedence, selective localization changes in a particular body. Example: typhoid fever - lymphatic apparatus thin bowels.
Form atherosclerosis:
1. Heart - myocardial infarction
2. Cerebral - stroke
3. Renal - Raunatin, kidney failure
4. Receptacles limbs - gangrene (amputation).
Parallelism between local and general changes absent. The role of the local and overall in the development of the disease also varies. For example: removal of cancer in breast - positively, removing the primary sifilomy - worsening process.
Nonspecific manifestation of the disease - may be in any illness.
Specific changes - characteristic of the disease.
Specificity is defined disease:
1. Qualitative features irritant (TB - tuberculosis).
2. Quantity and quality of primary irritant exposed nerve receptors (example: when introducing gipertonich. NaCl solution in the artery changes sharper than with the introduction of the vein).
3. Trace reaction left before acting irritant.
Specificity of major localization of the disease is determined by:
1. Places action irritant - incised wound.
2. Qualitative features irritant (affinity) - Introduction 4 - carbon chloride - defeated liver.
3. Quantity and quality, primary irritant exposed nerve receptors (Bezredka experience - vials with vozbud. Anthrax under the skin smash - nothing; tsarapali skin anthrax).
4. Trace reaction left radrazhitelyami previously in force (in rats caused local tetanus rear paws, and then injected phenol - ekstenz, the reaction of the back legs).
5. Trophic changes in the tissues (tumor cell-Brown Bears cause dystrophic processes in the stomach on the background of his denervatsii, kidney against the backdrop of their denervatsii).
Periods of illness
1. Hidden, latent (incubation in detail.) From the start of the action irritant to the most minor occurrence of the first symptoms. (Processes in Incubation. period: hit microbes, its reproduction, providing toxin). Hidden period - the time hidden tacit mnogozvenevyh reflekt formation. reactions, the new dynamic organizations from shrapnel shattered by the action irritant physiological systems. This is the time to organize pathological systems.
2. Prodrome period - from the emergence of vague symptoms before a bright picture of the disease. Lack of temperature increase. Sometimes you specificities. Symptoms: stain-Filatova Komlikova with measles.
3. Period pronounced clinically disease. In some cases divided into phases. When infectious diseases - specific time frame length. There may be deleted shape abortivnye forms - have all the symptoms, but expressed less quickly passes. By devoting currents:
a) acute illness (2 days - 2-3 weeks)
b) chronic
c) may be acute and chronic (nephrite, pyelonephritis, leukemia ...)
Index - during the illness, rather than a specific duration of the disease. Ostrom - rapidly growing over. Chronic - periods of remission followed by periods of exacerbations. Often encountered complications - can be severe than the disease itself. There may be typical (pneumonia after measles).
4. Exodus:
a) Full recovery - after the majority of injuries.
b) The incomplete recovery - there are residual phenomenon (after scarlet fever prolonged changes in the kidneys).
c) Transition to a pathological state (after the endocarditis - heart disease).
d) Death - with insufficient compensatory - recovery mechanisms.
